| Voiceless unaspirated bilabial stop |
[p] |
b |
p |
b |
ㄅ |
| voiceless aspirated bilabial stop |
[pʰ] |
p |
p' |
p |
ㄆ |
| bilabial nasal stop |
[m] |
m |
m |
m |
ㄇ |
| voiceless labial fricative |
[f] |
f |
f |
f |
ㄈ |
| voiceless unaspirated dental stop |
[t] |
d |
t |
d |
ㄉ |
| voiceless aspirated dental stop |
[tʰ] |
t |
t' |
t |
ㄊ |
| dental nasal stop |
[n] |
n |
n |
n |
ㄋ |
| voiced dental lateral |
[l] |
l |
l |
l |
ㄌ |
| voiceless unaspirated velar stop |
[k] |
g |
k |
g |
ㄍ |
| voiceless aspirated velar stop |
[kʰ] |
k |
k' |
k |
ㄎ |
| voiceless glottal fricative |
[h] |
h |
h |
h |
ㄏ |
| voiced alveolar-palatal affricate |
[ʤ] |
j |
ch(frontV) |
j(i) |
ㄐ |
| voiceless alveolar-palatal affricate |
[ʧ] |
q |
ch'(frontV) |
ch(i) |
ㄑ |
| voiceless alveolar-palatal fricative |
[ʃ] |
x |
hs |
sh(i) |
ㄒ |
| voiced retroflex affricate |
[dƺ] |
zh |
ch |
j |
ㄓ |
| voiceless retroflex affricate |
[tʂ] |
ch |
ch' |
ch |
ㄔ |
| voiceless retroflex fricative |
[ʂ] |
sh |
sh |
sh |
ㄕ |
| voiced retroflex approximant |
[ɻ] |
r |
j |
r |
ㄖ |
| voiced dental affricate |
[ʣ] |
z |
tz/ts |
tz |
ㄗ |
| voiceless dental affricate |
[ʦ] |
c |
tz'/ts' |
ts |
ㄘ |
| voiceless dental fricative |
[s] |
s |
sz/ss/s |
s |
ㄙ |
| velar nasal stop (not an initial) |
[ŋ] |
ng |
ng |
ng |
n/a |